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# Sine Rule and Triangle | Tomato Subjective 120

Sine rule is an important rule relating to the sides and angles of any triangle. Here is a Subjective problem no. 120 from TOMATO. Try it.

Problem: Sine Rule and Triangle

(i) If $A + B +C = n \pi$, show that $\sin 2A + \sin 2B + \sin 2C = (-1)^{n-1} 4 \sin A \sin B \sin C$
(ii) Let triangles ABC and DEF be inscribed in the same circle. If the triangles are of equal perimeter, then prove that $\sin A + \sin B + \sin C = \sin D + \sin E + \sin F$
(iii) State and prove the converse of (ii) above

Discussion:

(i) We know transformation formula from trigonometry $\sin x + \sin y = 2 \sin \dfrac{x+y}{2} \cos \dfrac {x-y}{2}$

Hence $\sin 2A + \sin 2B + \sin 2C = 2 \sin \dfrac{2A+2B}{2} \cos \dfrac {2A-2B}{2} + sin 2C = 2 \sin (A+B) \cos (A-B) + \sin 2C$

Now we know that $A + B = n \pi - C \Rightarrow \sin (A+B) = \sin (n \pi - C) = (-1)^{n-1} \sin C$

So $2\sin (A+B) \cos (A-B) + \sin 2C = 2(-1)^{n-1} \sin C \cos (A-B) + 2 \sin C \cos C = 2(-1)^{n-1} \sin C \cos (A-B) + 2 \sin C \cos (n\pi -(A+B))$

$= 2(-1)^{n-1} \sin C \cos (A-B) + 2 (-1)^n \sin C \cos (A+B)$

$= 2(-1)^{n-1} \sin C (\cos (A-B) - \cos (A+B))$

$= 4(-1)^{n-1} \sin C \sin A \sin B$

(ii)

Since the two triangles are inscribed in the same circle, they must have the same circumradius. Let the common circumradius be R. If a, b, c, d, e, f be the sides opposite to the sides BC, CA, AB, EF, DF, DE respectively, then using the rule of sines we can say,

$\dfrac{\sin A}{a} = \dfrac { \sin B }{ b} = \dfrac {\sin C }{c} = \dfrac {1} {2R}$ and

$\dfrac{\sin D}{d} = \dfrac { \sin E }{ e} = \dfrac {\sin F }{f} = \dfrac {1} {2R}$

Hence $\sin A = \dfrac {a}{2R}, sin B = \dfrac{b}{2R}, \sin C = \dfrac {c}{2R} \Rightarrow \sin A + \sin B + \sin C = \dfrac {a+b+c}{2R}$

Similarly $\sin D + \sin E + \sin F = \dfrac {d + e + f}{2R}$

As the perimeter of the triangle are equal, hence a+b+c = d+e+f. This implies $\sin A + \sin B + \sin C = \sin D + \sin E + \sin F$

(iii)

We apply the sine rule in reverse order to get the converse.

## Chatuspathi:

• What is this topic: Property of triangles
• What are some of the associated concept: Rule of sines
• Where can learn these topics: Cheenta I.S.I. & C.M.I. course, discusses these topics in the ‘Trigonometry Module’ module.
• Book Suggestions: Trigonometry by S.L. Loney