Sequences & Subsequences : IIT 2018 Problem 10

What are we learning?

Sequences, Subsequences are the key features in the field of real analysis. We will see how to imply these concepts in our problem

Understand the problem

Let $s_n$ = 1+ $\frac{1}{1!}$ + $\frac{1}{2!}$ +........+ $\frac{1}{n!}$ for n $\in$ $\mathbb{N}$ Then which of the following is TRUE for the sequence $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ : (a) $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ converges in $(\mathbb{Q})$ . (b) $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is a Cauchy sequence but does not converges to $(\mathbb{Q})$ . (c) The subsequence $\{s_{k^n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is convergent in $(\mathbb{R})$ when k is a even natural number. (d) $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is not a Cauchy sequence. Difficulty Level Easy Suggested Book

Calculus: Multi-Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra with Applications to Differential Equations and Probability – Vol 2

Tom M. Apostol

Start with hints

I am going to give you 3 clues in the beginning you try to work out using them. Then I will elaborate this clues in the following hints (I) Every convergent sequence is a Cauchy sequence (II)Every subsequence of a convergent sequence is convergent (III)Consider then term 1+ $\frac{1}{1!}$ + $\frac{1}{2!}$ +........+ $\frac{1}{n!}$ Does this remind you any well known series?

I wil start with (III) consider $e^x$ =1+ $\frac{x}{1!}$ + $\frac{x^2}{2!}$ +........+ $\frac{x^n}{n!}$ Isn't the seris that we have to , is the value at x=1. Hence the given series $\rightarrow$ e $\in$ $\mathbb{R}$ \ $\mathbb{Q}$

So option (a) is incorrect.

Every subsequence of a convergent sequence is convergent so $\{s_{k^n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is convergent not only for even k, but for any $k \in \Bbb N$ . So option (c) is incorrect.

Every convergent sequence is a Cauchy sequence so option (d) is incorrect and $e \in$ $\mathbb{R}$ so the given subsequence is convergent in $\mathbb{R}$ . So only option (b) is correct.

Connected Program at Cheenta

The higher mathematics program caters to advanced college and university students. It is useful for I.S.I. M.Math Entrance, GRE Math Subject Test, TIFR Ph.D. Entrance, I.I.T. JAM. The program is problem driven. We work with candidates who have a deep love for mathematics. This program is also useful for adults continuing who wish to rediscover the world of mathematics.

What are we learning?

Sequences, Subsequences are the key features in the field of real analysis. We will see how to imply these concepts in our problem

Understand the problem

Let $s_n$ = 1+ $\frac{1}{1!}$ + $\frac{1}{2!}$ +........+ $\frac{1}{n!}$ for n $\in$ $\mathbb{N}$ Then which of the following is TRUE for the sequence $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ : (a) $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ converges in $(\mathbb{Q})$ . (b) $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is a Cauchy sequence but does not converges to $(\mathbb{Q})$ . (c) The subsequence $\{s_{k^n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is convergent in $(\mathbb{R})$ when k is a even natural number. (d) $\{s_{n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is not a Cauchy sequence. Difficulty Level Easy Suggested Book

Calculus: Multi-Variable Calculus and Linear Algebra with Applications to Differential Equations and Probability – Vol 2

Tom M. Apostol

Start with hints

I am going to give you 3 clues in the beginning you try to work out using them. Then I will elaborate this clues in the following hints (I) Every convergent sequence is a Cauchy sequence (II)Every subsequence of a convergent sequence is convergent (III)Consider then term 1+ $\frac{1}{1!}$ + $\frac{1}{2!}$ +........+ $\frac{1}{n!}$ Does this remind you any well known series?

I wil start with (III) consider $e^x$ =1+ $\frac{x}{1!}$ + $\frac{x^2}{2!}$ +........+ $\frac{x^n}{n!}$ Isn't the seris that we have to , is the value at x=1. Hence the given series $\rightarrow$ e $\in$ $\mathbb{R}$ \ $\mathbb{Q}$

So option (a) is incorrect.

Every subsequence of a convergent sequence is convergent so $\{s_{k^n}\}^\infty_{n=1}$ is convergent not only for even k, but for any $k \in \Bbb N$ . So option (c) is incorrect.

Every convergent sequence is a Cauchy sequence so option (d) is incorrect and $e \in$ $\mathbb{R}$ so the given subsequence is convergent in $\mathbb{R}$ . So only option (b) is correct.

Connected Program at Cheenta

The higher mathematics program caters to advanced college and university students. It is useful for I.S.I. M.Math Entrance, GRE Math Subject Test, TIFR Ph.D. Entrance, I.I.T. JAM. The program is problem driven. We work with candidates who have a deep love for mathematics. This program is also useful for adults continuing who wish to rediscover the world of mathematics.