What is the NO-SHORTCUT approach for learning great Mathematics?

# How to Pursue Mathematics after High School?

For Students who are passionate for Mathematics and want to pursue it for higher studies in India and abroad.

Try this problem from IIT JAM 2017 exam (Problem 58) and know how to evaluate Eigen value of a Matrix.

## Eigen value of a Matrix | IIT JAM 2017 | Problem 58

Let $\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta$ be the eigenvalues of the matrix
$$\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & -2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$$
Then find the value of $\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}+\gamma^{2}+\delta^{2}$

### Key Concepts

Linear Algebra

Matrix

Eigen Values

Answer: $6$

IIT JAM 2017 , Problem 58

## Try with Hints

Characteristic Equation of a matrix $A$ of order $n$ is defined by $|A-xI|=0$, where $x$ is scalar and $I$ is the identity matrix of order $n$.

The roots of the characteristic equation are called the Eigen Values of that matrix.

Now it is easy. Give it a try.

Let

$$A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & -2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$$

Then its characteristic equation is $|A-xI|=0$ for some scalar $x$ and $I$ the identity matrix of order $4$

i.e., $\begin{vmatrix} -x & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & -x & 0 & -2 \\ 0 & 1 & -x & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2-x \end{vmatrix} =0$

$\Rightarrow -x\begin{vmatrix} -x & 0 & -2 \\ 1 & -x & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 2-x \end{vmatrix} =0$

$\Rightarrow -x[-x\{(-x)(2-x)\}-1]-2(1-0)]=0$

$\Rightarrow x^{4}-2 x^{3}-x^{2}+2 x=0$

$\Rightarrow x(x^{3}-2 x^{2}-x+2)=0$

$\Rightarrow x(x-1)(x-2)(x+1)=0$

Then the eigen values are : $0,1,-1,2$

Then, $\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}+\gamma^{2}+\delta^{2} =0^2+1^2+(-1)^2+2^2=6$ [ANS]

## What to do to shape your Career in Mathematics after 12th?

From the video below, let's learn from Dr. Ashani Dasgupta (a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Milwaukee-Wisconsin and Founder-Faculty of Cheenta) how you can shape your career in Mathematics and pursue it after 12th in India and Abroad. These are some of the key questions that we are discussing here:

• What are some of the best colleges for Mathematics that you can aim to apply for after high school?
• How can you strategically opt for less known colleges and prepare yourself for the best universities in India or Abroad for your Masters or Ph.D. Programs?
• What are the best universities for MS, MMath, and Ph.D. Programs in India?
• What topics in Mathematics are really needed to crack some great Masters or Ph.D. level entrances?
• How can you pursue a Ph.D. in Mathematics outside India?
• What are the 5 ways Cheenta can help you to pursue Higher Mathematics in India and abroad?

## Want to Explore Advanced Mathematics at Cheenta?

Cheenta has taken an initiative of helping College and High School Passout Students with its "Open Seminars" and "Open for all Math Camps". These events are extremely useful for students who are really passionate for Mathematic and want to pursue their career in it.

To Explore and Experience Advanced Mathematics at Cheenta

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