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# TIFR 2014 Problem 29 Solution – Maps from compact spaces

TIFR 2014 Problem 29 Solution has been written for TIFR entrance preparation series. A problem on maps for compact space from mathematical analysis.

TIFR 2014 Problem 29 Solution is a part of TIFR entrance preparation series. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is India’s premier institution for advanced research in Mathematics. The Institute runs a graduate programme leading to the award of Ph.D., Integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D. as well as M.Sc. degree in certain subjects.
The image is a front cover of a book named Introduction to Real Analysis by R.G. Bartle, D.R. Sherbert. This book is very useful for the preparation of TIFR Entrance.

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## Problem:

Let (f: X\to Y ) be a continuous map between metric spaces. Then (f(X)) is a complete subset of (Y) if

A. X is compact

B. Y is compact

C. X is complete

D. Y is complete

Discussion:

Let (X) be compact. Then (f(X)) is compact. (continuous image of compact space is compact)

Now, compact subset of any Hausdorff space is closed. So in particular, compact subset of any metric space is closed.

Let ((y_n)) be a Cauchy sequence in (f(X)). Then since (f(X)) is compact, ((y_n)) has a convergent subsequence (converging to a point in that compact set i.e, in (f(X)) ).

Suppose (y_{n_k} \to y \in f(X) ).

Then by triangle inequality, we have (d(y_n,y) \le d(y_n,y_{n_k}) + d(y_{n_k},y) \to 0+0=0 ) as (n\to \infty)

Here we have used that (y_n) is cauchy to conclude (d(y_n,y_{n_k}) \to 0 ).

So this implies (y_n \to y). Since (y\in f(X)) we conclude that (f(X)) is complete.

This proves A.

Let (Y=[0,2]) and (X=(0,1)). Take the inclusion map (i(x)=x) for all (x\in X). This example shows that even if we take (Y) to be compact, or complete, (f(X)) need not be complete. So this disproves B and D.

Now take (X=\mathbb{R}) and take (Y=(0,1)). We know there is a homeomorphism between these two sets where the metric is usual topology. So, in this case, the image of a complete set is not complete. This disproves option C.

## Helpdesk

• What is this topic: Real Analysis
• What are some of the associated concept: Cauchy Sequence,Homeomorphishm, Compact Space
• Book Suggestions: Introduction to Real Analysis by R.G. Bartle, D.R. Sherbert

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