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TIFR 2014 Problem 29 Solution - Maps from compact spaces


TIFR 2014 Problem 29 Solution is a part of TIFR entrance preparation series. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is India's premier institution for advanced research in Mathematics. The Institute runs a graduate programme leading to the award of Ph.D., Integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D. as well as M.Sc. degree in certain subjects.
The image is a front cover of a book named Introduction to Real Analysis by R.G. Bartle, D.R. Sherbert. This book is very useful for the preparation of TIFR Entrance.

Also Visit: College Mathematics Program of Cheenta


Problem:


Let f: X\to Y be a continuous map between metric spaces. Then f(X) is a complete subset of Y if

A. X is compact

B. Y is compact

C. X is complete

D. Y is complete


Discussion:


Let X be compact. Then f(X) is compact. (continuous image of compact space is compact)

Now, compact subset of any Hausdorff space is closed. So in particular, compact subset of any metric space is closed.

Let y_n be a Cauchy sequence in f(X). Then since f(X) is compact, y_n has a convergent subsequence (converging to a point in that compact set i.e, in f(X).

Suppose y_{n_k} \to y \in f(X).

Then by triangle inequality, we have d(y_n,y) \le d(y_n,y_{n_k}) + d(y_{n_k},y) \to 0+0=0 as n\to \infty

Here we have used that y_n is cauchy to conclude d(y_n,y_{n_k}) \to 0.

So this implies y_n \to y. Since y\in f(X) we conclude that f(X) is complete.

This proves A.

Let Y=[0,2] and X=(0,1). Take the inclusion map i(x)=x for all x\in X. This example shows that even if we take Y to be compact, or complete, f(X) need not be complete. So this disproves B and D.

Now take X=\mathbb{R} and take Y=(0,1). We know there is a homeomorphism between these two sets where the metric is usual topology. So, in this case, the image of a complete set is not complete. This disproves option C.


Helpdesk

  • What is this topic: Real Analysis
  • What are some of the associated concept: Cauchy Sequence,Homeomorphishm, Compact Space
  • Book Suggestions: Introduction to Real Analysis by R.G. Bartle, D.R. Sherbert


TIFR 2014 Problem 29 Solution is a part of TIFR entrance preparation series. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is India's premier institution for advanced research in Mathematics. The Institute runs a graduate programme leading to the award of Ph.D., Integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D. as well as M.Sc. degree in certain subjects.
The image is a front cover of a book named Introduction to Real Analysis by R.G. Bartle, D.R. Sherbert. This book is very useful for the preparation of TIFR Entrance.

Also Visit: College Mathematics Program of Cheenta


Problem:


Let f: X\to Y be a continuous map between metric spaces. Then f(X) is a complete subset of Y if

A. X is compact

B. Y is compact

C. X is complete

D. Y is complete


Discussion:


Let X be compact. Then f(X) is compact. (continuous image of compact space is compact)

Now, compact subset of any Hausdorff space is closed. So in particular, compact subset of any metric space is closed.

Let y_n be a Cauchy sequence in f(X). Then since f(X) is compact, y_n has a convergent subsequence (converging to a point in that compact set i.e, in f(X).

Suppose y_{n_k} \to y \in f(X).

Then by triangle inequality, we have d(y_n,y) \le d(y_n,y_{n_k}) + d(y_{n_k},y) \to 0+0=0 as n\to \infty

Here we have used that y_n is cauchy to conclude d(y_n,y_{n_k}) \to 0.

So this implies y_n \to y. Since y\in f(X) we conclude that f(X) is complete.

This proves A.

Let Y=[0,2] and X=(0,1). Take the inclusion map i(x)=x for all x\in X. This example shows that even if we take Y to be compact, or complete, f(X) need not be complete. So this disproves B and D.

Now take X=\mathbb{R} and take Y=(0,1). We know there is a homeomorphism between these two sets where the metric is usual topology. So, in this case, the image of a complete set is not complete. This disproves option C.


Helpdesk

  • What is this topic: Real Analysis
  • What are some of the associated concept: Cauchy Sequence,Homeomorphishm, Compact Space
  • Book Suggestions: Introduction to Real Analysis by R.G. Bartle, D.R. Sherbert

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